Chang, Yinshui; Bach, Luisa; Hasiuk, Marko; Wen, Lifen; Elmzzahi, Tarek; Tsui, Carlson; Gutiérrez-Melo, Nicolás; Steffen, Teresa; Utzschneider, Daniel T; Raj, Timsse; Jost, Paul Jonas; Heink, Sylvia; Cheng, Jingyuan; Burton, Oliver T; Zeiträg, Julia; Alterauge, Dominik; Dahlström, Frank; Becker, Jennifer-Christin; Kastl, Melanie; Symeonidis, Konstantinos; van Uelft, Martina; Becker, Matthias; Reschke, Sarah; Krebs, Stefan; Blum, Helmut; Abdullah, Zeinab; Paeschke, Katrin; Ohnmacht, Caspar; Neumann, Christian; Liston, Adrian; Meissner, Felix; Korn, Thomas; Hasenauer, Jan; Heissmeyer, Vigo; Beyer, Marc; Kallies, Axel; Jeker, Lukas T; Baumjohann, Dirk     «

Chang, Yinshui; Bach, Luisa; Hasiuk, Marko; Wen, Lifen; Elmzzahi, Tarek; Tsui, Carlson; Gutiérrez-Melo, Nicolás; Steffen, Teresa; Utzschneider, Daniel T; Raj, Timsse; Jost, Paul Jonas; Heink, Sylvia; Cheng, Jingyuan; Burton, Oliver T; Zeiträg, Julia; Alterauge, Dominik; Dahlström, Frank; Becker, Jennifer-Christin; Kastl, Melanie; Symeonidis, Konstantinos; van Uelft, Martina; Becker, Matthias; Reschke, Sarah; Krebs, Stefan; Blum, Helmut; Abdullah, Zeinab; Paeschke, Katrin; Ohnmacht, Caspar; Neuma...     »

T follicular helper (TFH) cells are essential for effective antibody responses, but deciphering the intrinsic wiring of mouse TFH cells has long been hampered by the lack of a reliable protocol for their generation in vitro. We report that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces robust expression of TFH hallmark molecules CXCR5 and Bcl6 in activated mouse CD4+ T cells in vitro. TGF-β-induced mouse CXCR5+ TFH cells are phenotypically, transcriptionally, and functionally similar to in vivo-generated TFH cells and provide critical help to B cells. The study further reveals that TGF-β-induced CXCR5 expression is independent of Bcl6 but requires the transcription factor c-Maf. Classical TGF-β-containing T helper 17 (TH17)-inducing conditions also yield separate CXCR5+ and IL-17A-producing cells, highlighting shared and distinct cell fate trajectories of TFH and TH17 cells. We demonstrate that excess IL-2 in high-density T cell cultures interferes with the TGF-β-induced TFH cell program, that TFH and TH17 cells share a common developmental stage, and that c-Maf acts as a switch factor for TFH versus TH17 cell fates in TGF-β-rich environments in vitro and in vivo.      «

T follicular helper (TFH) cells are essential for effective antibody responses, but deciphering the intrinsic wiring of mouse TFH cells has long been hampered by the lack of a reliable protocol for their generation in vitro. We report that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces robust expression of TFH hallmark molecules CXCR5 and Bcl6 in activated mouse CD4+ T cells in vitro. TGF-β-induced mouse CXCR5+ TFH cells are phenotypically, transcriptionally, and functionally similar to in vivo-ge...     »